UN SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) Glossary

UN SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) Glossary

(Developed as part of the UN SDG Fellowship Program)
Add New Entry UN SDG 6

Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

This glossary contains the student content produced by working on an open renewable assignment created by 2021-2022 UN SDG Fellows.  The fellowship assists faculty to create renewable assignments which support social justice and the UN SDG goals as part of an interdisciplinary team. The assignments are designed to help students become agents of change in their communities. Classes that have contributed to this glossary are listed in the Credits.

 

A

Ambient water quality

It shows us how the water quality is in different countries/regions. Water (lakes, rivers, and groundwater) in the environment is monitored in a nation, and specific data on diverse measurement parameters is collected and compared to standard values to assess if water is healthy and safe for humans and the ecosystem, or if it is polluted and can cause some further problems. Therefore, experts can decide how to adjust the water system based on this information.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

UN WATER. (2017). Indicator 6.3.2 – water quality. Indicator | SDG 6 Data. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.3.2.

UN WATER. (1970, August 26). Progress on ambient water quality – piloting the monitoring methodology and initial findings for SDG indicator 6.3.2: UN-Water. Progress on Ambient Water Quality – Piloting the monitoring methodology and initial findings for SDG indicator 6.3.2.  Retrieved October 3, 2021, from https://www.unwater.org/publications/progress–on–ambient–waterquality–632/.

UN WATER. (2020, July 13). Indicator 6.3.2 “proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality”. sdg6monitoring. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator–632/.

Submitted by:

Jingkun Kang

B


Biological Indicators of Ecosystem Health


The change over time of the health of the plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in an ecosystem, to represent how resilient the ecosystem is against changes caused by outside factors.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-661/

Reference(s):

United Nations, Indicator 6.6.1 “Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time,” https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-661/, accessed 2 October 2021.

 

Queensland Government (updated 4 August 2021), Ecosystem health indicators, https://environment.des.qld.gov.au/management/water/health-indicators, accessed 2 October 2021.

SeaDoc Society, “What is ecosystem health?,” https://www.seadocsociety.org/what-is-ecosystem-health, accessed 25 October 2021.



C


Cooperation


In order for solutions to the world’s water problems to work, transnational cooperation is key. All countries must unite to contribute financially and technologically to ensure that people in all countries, rich and poor, have access to sanitary water.

Link to UN page source:

Reference(s):

Indicator | SDG 6 Data. (2019). United Nations Water. https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.a.1

 



D


Desalination


Desalination is the process of removing dissolved minerals from saline water. This process is commonly used to make seawater drinkable in regions where other water sources are scarce.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Lin, S., Zhao, H., Zhu, L., et al., (2021). Seawater desalination technology and engineering in China: A review. Desalination, 498, 1-12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916420314065 Accessed on Oct. 25th, 2021.


Submitted by:

Max Walton-Raaby


Detrimental Pathogen

A detrimental pathogen is an organism or virus found in untreated water that causes disease, damage, and possibly death to its host.  Common methods for removal of these pathogens include chemical treatment, filtration, and flocculation.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/

Reference(s):

Balloux, F.; van Dorp, L. (2017), Q&A: What are pathogens, and what have they done to and for us? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5648414/ (accessed September 28, 2021).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), Water Treatment. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/public/water_treatment.html (accessed October 2, 2021).

Submitted by:

Tyler Floen

E


Ecosystems


There are different types of ecosystems in which all organisms and physical environments interact with one another. The two types of aquatic ecosystems are freshwater and marine ecosystems. Examples of freshwater ecosystems include rivers, lakes, forests, wetlands, while marine ecosystems are made up of oceans. These water ecosystems are home to many different animals and plants, all of which play a vital role in maintaining our world’s water cycle.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/

Reference(s):

UN-Water. “Ecosystems: UN-Water.” UN, https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/ecosystems/.


Submitted by:

Paola Pulido


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H


Hand-washing Facilities


Handwashing Facilities are spaces that provide potable water, which is disinfected and safe for all uses, soap, a towel or hand-dryer, and instructions on how to properly use one. They are used to improve overall health and prevent the spread of diseases by disinfecting harmful pathogens that would otherwise enter the body through touching of the face, and eating food, with dirty hands.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Handwashing/Hand hygiene. UN Water; [accessed 2021 Sep 25]. Available from: https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/handhygiene/


Submitted by:

Mathew Falsetta


Hazardous Chemical

A hazardous chemical is a substance that has the capacity to cause negative effects when exposed to humans, animals, or the environment. Although produced in both natural and artificial settings, these substances are most commonly man-made through industrial, agricultural, and medicinal applications. Improper and careless handling can result in the release of hazardous chemicals into the ecosystem through air, soil, and water sources. As such, water bodies worldwide are monitored to ensure the quality of water is within specific parameters since the release of hazardous chemicals can impact water quality and therefore damage the functionality of ecosystems.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

European Environment Agency (2018). Consumption of hazardous chemicals. https://www.eea.europa.eu/airs/2018/environment-and-health/production-of-hazardous-chemicals Accessed October 31, 2021.

Submitted by:

Emily Dagasso

HYGIENE

Hygiene brings a higher level of importance than any other topic because this determines our lives no matter what way we look at it. This has a huge impact here in our community in the way we can function and get things done otherwise we would be in the same situation as other developing countries that are having a huge amount of problems with getting clean and healthy water to their people and animals. Massive diseases and other very critical components start to change when there isn’t any clean and drinkable water. All starting from health-related issues, to generational lapses in health, growth, and an ability to live a long healthy prosperous life. 

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/topics/water-and-sanitation.

Reference(s):

“CDC at Work: Global Wash .” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12 June 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/programs/index.html.

 

JMP. “Hygiene.” Hygiene | JMP, https://washdata.org/monitoring/hygiene.

 

Artiola, Janick F, et al. “City of Tucson Zoning Overlay Map / HTTPS Webcms Pima Gov User files Servers Server 6 File Government Development 20services Land 20planning 20and 20regulation Boards 20commission 20 20committees 20tab DRC p20va00009 20applicant 20submittal Pdf / the Panels Pop up That Let Me Choose Brush/Zone, but There’s Nothing on the Map Indicating What Zones Are Set.” City Of Tucson Zoning Overlay Map / Https Webcms Pima Gov Userfiles Servers Server 6 File Government Development 20services Land 20planning 20and 20regulation Boards 20commission 20 20committees 20tab Drc P20va00009 20applicant 20submittal Pdf / The Panels Pop up That Let Me Choose Brush/Zone, but There’s Nothing on the Map Indicating What Zones Are Set., Arizona Well Owner Guide to Water Supply 17 Apr. 2021, https://rahayudelianti.blogspot.com/2021/04/city-of-tucson-zoning-overlay-map-https.html.   

Submitted by:

adeel.k

I


Improved Drinking Water Sources


These are water bodies or surface and underground water that are protected from contamination and pollution that are used to produce safe water for drinking. This includes pipes in residential areas and yards and other public water taps or public pipes or protected wells, protected springs and rainwater collection.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.1.1

Reference(s):

Drinking water. (n.d.).Water https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/water.pdf, Date Accessed: October 4, 2021.


Submitted by:

Yuhui Xi


Industrial Wastewater

Wastewater is water that has been used. It can contain pollutants, pathogens or other dangers depending on where the water comes from. Industrial wastewater is used water that originates from manufacturing sources such as mines or food plants. It is important to know what type of industry the wastewater comes from so it can be treated accordingly, for its release into the environment or for other uses.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.3.1

Reference(s):

Government of Ontario (2014), Rules for Treating Industrial Wastewater, https://www.ontario.ca/page/rules-treating-industrial-wastewater, Date Accessed: September 29, 2021.

Submitted by:

A.H.N.

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N


Natural Wetland


Ecosystems that have submerged soil year-round that encourages the growth of aquatic plants and animals. Some examples of these include swamps and marshes.

Link to UN page source:

Reference(s):

“Natural Wetlands.” Natural Wetlands | Climate Technology Centre & Network | Tue, 11/08/2016, www.ctc-n.org/technologies/natural-wetlands.


Submitted by:

Rya Oliver


Nutrients

Nutrients are a class of ionic and molecular compounds required for the maintenance of good health in any living organism. Nutrients are not naturally synthesized by organisms and therefore must be consumed to ensure proper physiological function. Despite their integral role in cell growth and development, nutrients like ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, and other nitrogen and phosphate chemical species can be detrimental to both human health and the environment.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.3.1

Reference(s):

LibreTexts Medicine. What are Nutrients? Last edited August 13, 2020. Retrieved from https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_Nutri_300_(Coppola)/Text/01%3A_Nutrition_and_You/1.2%3A_What_Are_Nutrients%3F (accessed 2021/09/20).

Progress on Safe Treatment and Use of Wastewater: Piloting the monitoring methodology and initial findings for SDG indicator 6.3.1. Geneva: World Health Organization and UN-HABITAT, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.unwater.org/publications/progress-on-wastewater-treatment-631/ (accessed 2021/09/21).

Submitted by:

James Neurauter

O


Open Defecation


Open defecation is the practice of defecating without the usage of any toilet facility in any outdoor open space, such as in a bush or a field. It is generally practiced because of inadequate sanitation facilities. Open defecation also leaves faeces exposed, which results in other people being commonly exposed to faecal pathogens. Open defecation also contributes to the spread of multiple different diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, typhoid, and dysentery due to this exposure to faecal pathogens. Significant environmental contamination is also caused by open defecation.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Ending Open Defecation, https://www.unicef.org/wca/ending-open-defecation, accessed October 1, 2021.

Global Health Observatory Indicator Metadata Registry List: Population practicing open defecation (%), https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4823, accessed October 1, 2021.


Submitted by:

Seth Keenan


P


Participation


Participation is a collective part of every active member of a nation, community, individual, groups, households actively participating in keeping our water clean and utilization by consciously taking necessary steps to ensure to do there part to conserve and at the same time warranting optimal hygiene practice.

Link to UN page source:

https://unsdg6.opened.ca/

Reference(s):

WILLIAMS, BRYAN L., et al. “Inter- and Intra-Ethnic Variation in Water Intake, Contact, and Source Estimates among Tucson Residents: Implications for Exposure Analysis.” Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, vol. 11, no. 6, Dec. 2001, p. 510. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500192

Garcia, Lydia B., et al. “A Comparison of Water-Related Perceptions and Practices Among West Texas and South New Mexico Colonia Residents Using Hauled-Stored and Private Well Water.” Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 79, no. 2, Sept. 2016, pp. 14–20. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=117639969&authtype=shib&site=eds-live&scope=site.

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Participation definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/participation. 

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). 39 synonyms and antonyms of participation. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/participation. 


Submitted by:

Erica Jo Buelna


Pollution

This occurs when substances that cause harm enter the environment. The harm can be to a living thing or to the environment itself. Avoiding harmful substances entering water is an effective way to improve water quality.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Goal 6 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

May 14, 2. M. (2021, April 15). Water Pollution: Everything You Need to Know. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-pollution-everything-you-need-know#whatis

Water pollution. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/water-pollution

Submitted by:

Yuan Feng

Population Growth

Population Growth refers to the number of people in an area that either grows or declines within a certain amount of time because of natural occurrences. This could be because of environmental factors or personal reasons, such as people moving due to new career opportunities.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/publications/population-consumption-and-environment-2015-17884

Reference(s):

Population Division, UN DESA. “Population, Consumption and the Environment 2015 |
Department of Economic and Social Affairs.” United Nations, United Nations, April 2015,
https://sdgs.un.org/publications/population-consumption-and-environment-2015-17884.

Submitted by:

Jenny Nguyen

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Recycling wastewater


To reuse the water that has been used in home, industry, or agriculture safely after micro-organisms, contaminants and other pollutants are removed. The purpose of water being reused is extending water supplies such as reusing water in agriculture.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Cristina Tuser (2020, January 09), What is wastewater, https://www.wwdmag.com/wastewater-treatment/what-wastewater. Access date: October 22, 2021.

Sophie(2019, April 22), Wastewater treatment process step by step, https://gustawater.com/blog/wastewater-treatment-process.html. Access date: October 25, 2021.


Submitted by:

Zhehan Jia


S


Sanitation


Sanitation is one of the most important aspects of community welfare for human. It provides facilities and services which refer to public health conditions related to sewage and disposal of human excrement. In order to safely manage the human excreta from the toilet to containment, storage and in-site processing or transportation, treatment and ultimate safe use or disposal is needed. The goal of sanitation is to safely reduce and prevent human exposure with pathogens and the spread of diseases by providing a clean environment to protect human health and the environment.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Global Water Pathogens Project (2017), Introduction to the Importance of Sanitation. Retrieved from https://www.waterpathogens.org/book/introduction (accessed October 03, 2021)

Public Health Nigeria (2020), Types of Sanitation. Retrieved from https://www.publichealth.com.ng/the-7-types-of-sanitation/ (accessed October 03, 2021)

United Nations (2021), Goal 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for all. Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6 (accessed October 22, 2021)

World Health Organization (2019), Sanitation. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation (accessed October 03, 2021)


Submitted by:

Yuyang Li


Sanitation

Sanitation is a process that purifies and cleans wastewater by eliminating pollutants and impurities. It is the removal of sewage, liquid, and semi-liquid waste from sewage and treatment sites through a group of biological, physical, and chemical processes to form clean drinkable, and usable water for consumers.  

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.2.1a

Reference(s):

Ceridwen Johnson. (15 October 2021) “Investing $1 per person per year in hand hygiene could
save hundreds of thousands of lives.” World health organization.
https://www.who.int/news/item/15-10-2021-investing-1dollar-per-person-per-year-in-hand-hygie

“Sanitation”.World health organization.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation

Submitted by:

Zena G

Sewage sludge

A semi-solid product from various types of wastewater especially from households or factories, which usually flows out through sewers. It is a product of natural or artificial wastewater treatment processes.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-631/

Reference(s):

Corrosionpedia. “What Is a Sludge? – Definition from Corrosionpedia.” Corrosionpedia, Corrosionpedia, 12 Sept. 2019, www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1627/sludge.

Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. “Sewage.” Province of British Columbia, Province of British Columbia, 31 Mar. 2021, www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/waste-management/sewage.

Soap

A substance typically composed of a basic chemical mixed with an oil that is used with water for sanitation and hygiene purposes to remove germs when washing and housekeeping.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Merriam-Webster (2021), Soap, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/soap, Accessed Oct 19th, 2021

United Nations (2020), Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6, Accessed Sept 29th, 2021

United Nations (2020), Indicator 6.2.1b – Hygiene, https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.2.1b, Accessed Sept 29th, 2021

Submitted by:

Keanna Pilkington

Sustainable development

Sustainable development can be defined as growth or development that meets the needs of the present time. These needs are met without damaging or compromising the ability of generations to come.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/

Reference(s):

Wikipedia contributors. “Sustainable Development.” Wikipedia, 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#:%7E:text=Sustainable%20development%20can%20be%20defined,to%20meet%20their%20own%20needs.

“WSSD .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform.” UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2021, sustainabledevelopment.un.org/milesstones/wssd.

Submitted by:

Karissa Ramirez

Sustainable management

Using a resource in a certain way and rate that satisfies the needs of society while preserving the environment. This should be done without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/

Reference(s):

Sustainable Water Management (SWM) profile. Water Foundation. (2020, March 19). Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://waterfdn.org/sustainable-water-management-swm-profile/.

Submitted by:

Sabrina Nañez

T


PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances)


Human-made chemicals that take forever to break down. They are extremely dangerous because of the way they can build up undetected in our drinking water supply unless we are actively searching for them. They were created to make products non-stick and water-resistant but the same properties that made them so effective for those those purposes also make them nearly impossible to break down in the environment and have severe impacts, including cancer and asthma, on human health.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/

Reference(s):

Cordner, Alissa, et al. “Guideline Levels for PFOA and PFOS in Drinking Water: The Role of Scientific Uncertainty, Risk Assessment Decisions, and Social Factors.” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, vol. 29, no. 2, Mar. 2019, p. 157. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1038/s41370-018-0099-9.

Davis, Tony, and Tucson Environmental Services. “Soaring Contamination Causes Shutdown of Tucson Water Treatment Plant.” Arizona Daily Star, 6 Nov. 2021, tucson.com/news/local/soaring-contamination-causes-shutdown-of-tucson-water-t reatment-plant/article_cbdc8044-c7f1-11eb-a3b5-e7261bcdd359.html#:~:text=Cit ywide%2C%20Tucson%20Water%20has%20closed,base%20adjoining%20Tucso n%20International%20Airport.

News, ABC. “’Ticking Time Bomb’: Pfas Chemicals in Drinking Water Alarm Scientists over Health Risks – Connect FM: Local News Radio: Dubois, PA.” Connect FM | Local News Radio | Dubois, PA, 10 Aug. 2021,
www.connectradio.fm/2021/08/10/ticking-time-bomb-pfas-chemicals-in-drinking water-alarm-scientists-over-health-risks/.

“Pfas Chemical Exposure.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Nov. 2021,
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/exposure.html.

“Reducing PFAS in Drinking Water with Treatment Technologies.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 23 Aug. 2018,
6 www.epa.gov/sciencematters/reducing-pfas-drinking-water-treatment-technologie s.


Submitted by:

Melissa Simmons


Transboundary Water Cooperation

Transboundary Water Cooperation: A set of countries arrange an agreement to not only provide but also to help each other in not wasting water. To do this, they give data and take care of the water, since water is a global resource that everyone needs.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/publications/800ECE_Second_Assessment_En.pdf

Reference(s):

#23 fin → end. Membean. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://membean.com/wrotds/fin-end.

#51 trans → across. Membean. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://membean.com/wrotds/trans-across.

Anne Marie Helmenstine, P. D. (2020, February 6). What is water, according to Chemistry’s definition? ThoughtCo. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-water-in-chemistry-605946.

Indicator 6.5.2 – transboundary water cooperation. Indicator | SDG 6 Data. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.5.2.

Submitted by:

Amir Alokbi Delgado

Transboundary waters

Lakes, rivers, or places that have water for people to use that are shared by two or more countries.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org

Reference(s):

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W


Wastewater


Water which is contaminated with substances such as human waste, oils, and chemicals due to it being used for various functions including cooking, cleaning, and flushing, or by storm runoff from industrial surfaces like roads and roofs.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.3.1

Reference(s):

U.S. Geological Survey. Wastewater Treatment Water Use. n.d. 23 November 2021. <https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/wastewater-treatment-water-use>.

 

 



Wastewater Treatment

Taking used and contaminated water through a process to eliminate contaminants, so the effluent is suitable to return to the environment.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

Government of Canada (2020), Municipal wastewater treatment, https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/municipal-wastewater-treatment.html (accessed Oct. 24, 2021)

Water Quality

Water quality refers to the state of a body of water, including its chemical and physical state. This is usually measured in terms of suitability for a certain purpose, such as drinking or swimming.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/statements/united-states-america-9782

Reference(s):

“Water Quality Information by Topic | U.S. Geological Survey.” Water Quality Information by Topic, 1 Jan. 2009, www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/water-quality-information-topic?qt-science_center_objects=0.

 

Submitted by:

Mercedes Obono

Water Quality Parameters

Various physical and chemical characteristics that are measured to give information related to different bodies of water.

Link to UN page source:

https://www.sdg6data.org/indicator/6.3.2

Reference(s):

Government of B.C. (2021), Water Quality Parameters, https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/air-land-water/water/water-quality/waterquality-monitoring/canada-bc-water-quality-monitoring-program/water-quality-parameters, Accessed October 22nd, 2021

 

 

Submitted by:

Nathan T. Rancier

Water Stress

Water stress occurs when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/topics/water-and-sanitation

Reference(s):

Harvey, C. (2019, April 29). These countries will be hit hardest by water stress in the future. The
Washington Post. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/08/26/these-countries-will-
be-hit-hardest-by-water-stress-in-the-future/

Submitted by:

Leena Abdulhadi

Water-Related Ecosystem

An interconnected network of living and non-living components interacting with a physical environment that is partially composed of water.

Link to UN page source:

https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

Reference(s):

MUN Impact (2021), Water-related Ecosystems, https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7fae2f0fa74647c3b93643f469597b94, Accessed Sept 29th 2021

United Nations (2021), Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6, Accessed Sept 29th 2021

Submitted by:

Carmen Peterson

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